SEMESTER – VI Organic Chemistry - II 2.3. UNIT – II Pharmaceuticals

SEMESTER – VI

Organic Chemistry - II

2.3.            UNIT – II  Pharmaceuticals- Explanation with two examples each for

              An analgesic, or painkiller, is any member of the group of drugs used to achieve analgesia — relief from pain, without blocking the conduction of nerve impulses, markedly altering sensory perception, or affecting consciousness. Analgesics may be classified into two types: anti-inflammatory drugs, which alleviate pain by reducing local inflammatory response and the opioids, which act on the brain

(Eg) Acetaminophen, Anacin, Avinca, Cozet, Comphunox

Antibacterial: Anything that destroys bacteria or suppresses their growth or their ability to reproduce. Heat, chemicals such as chlorine, and antibiotic drugs all have antibacterial properties.

(Eg)  Amoxicillin, ampicillin, cefazolin, cefataxime, penicillin G, rifabutin, sulphanomides, cephalosporins, tetracyclin, trimethoprim, erythromycin

Antibiotics, also known as antibacterials, are types of medications that destroy or slow down the growth of bacteria. The Greek word anti means "against", and the Greek word bios means "life" (bacteria are life forms).

(Eg)  Amoxicillin, ampicillin, cefazolin, cefataxime, penicillin G, rifabutin, sulphanomides, cephalosporins, tetracyclin, trimethoprim, erythromycin.

Antiviral: An agent that kills a virus or that suppresses its ability to replicate and, hence, inhibits its capability to multiply and reproduce. Antiviral drugs are one class of antifungal and anti parasitic drugs.

(Eg) Amantadine, oseltamivir, zanamir.

Antipyretics are substances that reduce fever.

(Eg) acetaminophen, adalimumab, allopurinol, amitriptyline.

Antituberculosis -drugs are medicines used to treat tuberculosis, an infectious disease that can affect the lungsand other organs.

(Eg)  cycloserine (Seromycin), ethambutol (Myambutol),ethionamide (TrecatorSC), isoniazid (Nydrazid, Laniazid),pyrazinamide, rifabutin (Mycobutin), and rifampin (Rifadin,Rimactane).

Antitussive - any medicine used to suppress or relieve coughing.

(Eg) codeine, hydro codeine, butophanol

Anti allergic is a hyper sensitivity disorder of the immune system. Symptoms include red eyes,itchinessand runny nose, eczema,hives or an asthma attack.

(Eg) antihistamines,glucocartiaoids,epinephrine,theophylline.

Antidiabetes  - drugs used in diabetes to lowering glucose level in blood.

(Eg) alpha glucosidase inhibitors,amylin analogue,sulfonylureas,metformin,meglitinides,thiazolidinediones.

Tranquilizers- drugs that is used to reduce anxiety,fear,tension,agitation and related state of mental disturbance. They are classified in to two classes namely major and minor.

(Eg) phenothiazine,thioxanthiazines,butyrophenones,benzodiazepines,diazepam,meprobamate.

Antiseptic and disinfectant - Antiseptics are antimicrobial substances that are applied toliving tissue or skin to reduce the possibility of infection,sepsisor putrefaction.

     Disinfectants destroy micro organisms found on non living objects.

(Eg) tincture iodine,hydrogen peroxide,peracetic acid,povidone-iodine,

Antimalarial- drugs used to treat or prevent malaria.

(Eg) 4-aminoquinolines,chloroquinone,amodiaquine,quinine and quinidine.

Anaesthetics ( local  and general) an anaesthetic is a drug that causes anaesthesia which is a reversible loss of sensation .

Local anasthetics- procaine ,amethocaine,cocaine,iodocaine,prilocaine.

General  anasthetics- amytal,brevital,surital,penthothal